WAT Topics 2026

25+ Writing Ability Test topics for IIM admissions with sample outlines, multiple perspectives, and expert tips for each topic.

22+
WAT Topics
7
Categories Covered
16
Trending for 2025
2
Perspectives per Topic

What is WAT (Writing Ability Test)?

Format

  • Duration: 20-30 minutes
  • Word limit: 250-350 words
  • Weightage: 8-10% in selection
  • Handwritten essay (not typed)

What's Evaluated

  • Clarity of thought and structure
  • Analytical depth and reasoning
  • Stance and conviction
  • Grammar and vocabulary

IIMs Using WAT

  • IIM Ahmedabad (called AWT)
  • IIM Bangalore
  • IIM Calcutta
  • IIM Lucknow, Kozhikode, and others

Writing Framework Grounded in Research From

Aristotle

Rhetoric (4th Century BC)

Chip & Dan Heath

Made to Stick (2007)

Steven Pinker

The Sense of Style (2014)

George Orwell

Politics and the English Language (1946)

Daniel Kahneman

Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011)

All WAT Topics by Category

📊

Economic & Business

5 topics
MediumHotThe gig economy: liberation or exploitation?
Asked by: IIM Bangalore, IIM Lucknow

Liberation

  • Flexibility allows workers to control their schedules
  • Low entry barriers create opportunities for unskilled workers
  • Multiple income streams reduce single-employer dependency
  • Technology democratizes access to work opportunities

Exploitation

  • No job security, benefits, or health insurance
  • Algorithmic control more oppressive than traditional management
  • Race to the bottom on pricing hurts worker earnings
  • Power asymmetry between platforms and workers

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Open with India's 15+ million gig workers statistic. State that the answer lies in regulation, not binary judgment.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Benefits of flexibility with examples (Uber drivers, freelancers)
  • Para 2: Exploitation concerns with data on earnings and working conditions
  • Para 3: Regulatory solutions from other countries (UK, California AB5)

Conclusion: Call for portable benefits and platform accountability while preserving flexibility.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 India has 15+ million gig workers (2024)
  • 📊 Gig economy expected to grow to $455 billion by 2024
  • 📊 47% of gig workers earn less than minimum wage equivalent

Common Mistakes:

  • Taking an extreme position without acknowledging nuance
  • Ignoring the worker's perspective entirely
  • Not providing concrete regulatory suggestions

Pro Tip:

IIM panelists value nuanced takes. Acknowledge both sides, then propose a solution.

HardHotShould privatization of banks be accelerated?
Asked by: IIM Calcutta, IIM Ahmedabad (2024)

For Privatization

  • PSBs have ₹7+ lakh crore NPAs — private banks are more efficient
  • Competition improves services and reduces crony lending
  • Government capital better spent on infrastructure/welfare
  • Global trend: most developed nations have privatized banks

Against Privatization

  • Financial inclusion requires PSB presence in rural areas
  • Private banks won't serve unprofitable but essential sectors
  • Yes Bank, PMC Bank crises show private bank risks
  • Strategic sectors need government control for stability

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference the recent Banking Laws Amendment Bill discussions. State your nuanced position upfront.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: The efficiency argument with NPA data
  • Para 2: The inclusion argument with rural banking statistics
  • Para 3: Middle path — strategic privatization with safeguards

Conclusion: Advocate for selective privatization while strengthening regulation.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 PSB NPAs: ₹7.4 lakh crore (2023)
  • 📊 PSBs control 60% of India's banking assets
  • 📊 Only 27% of villages have bank branches

Common Mistakes:

  • Not knowing the difference between PSBs and private banks
  • Ignoring the Yes Bank/PMC Bank crises
  • Forgetting about financial inclusion implications

Pro Tip:

IIMC loves this topic. Know NPA numbers, recent bank mergers, and NARCL (bad bank).

HardHotCan India replace China as the world's manufacturing hub?
Asked by: IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Bangalore, IIM Indore

Yes, India Can

  • PLI schemes attracting global manufacturers (Apple, Samsung)
  • Demographic dividend: 500M+ working-age population
  • China+1 strategy driving supply chain diversification
  • Rising wages in China reducing cost advantage

Significant Challenges

  • Infrastructure gap (logistics, power) vs China
  • Labor laws and land acquisition complexity
  • Skill gap in manufacturing workforce
  • Vietnam, Bangladesh also competing for same investment

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Start with Apple's production shift to India as hook. State qualified optimism.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Why companies are leaving China (wages, geopolitics)
  • Para 2: India's advantages and PLI scheme successes
  • Para 3: Infrastructure and skills gap that needs addressing

Conclusion: India can capture significant share, but not fully replace China. Focus on specific sectors.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 Apple now makes 14% of iPhones in India (up from 1% in 2021)
  • 📊 PLI schemes: ₹1.97 lakh crore allocated across 14 sectors
  • 📊 India's manufacturing is 17% of GDP vs China's 28%

Common Mistakes:

  • Being overly nationalistic without acknowledging challenges
  • Not mentioning competing countries (Vietnam, Indonesia)
  • Ignoring the infrastructure gap

Pro Tip:

Show you understand both the opportunity and execution challenges. Mention specific sectors like electronics, pharma, or textiles.

MediumHotIs cryptocurrency a threat or opportunity for India?
Asked by: IIM Calcutta, IIM Kozhikode (2024)

Opportunity

  • Web3 and blockchain innovation leadership potential
  • Remittance cost reduction for diaspora
  • Financial inclusion for unbanked populations
  • Investment diversification and wealth creation

Threat

  • Monetary policy control undermined
  • Money laundering and terror financing risks
  • Speculative bubbles harming retail investors
  • Environmental concerns from mining

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference India's 30% crypto tax as context. Position: regulate, don't ban.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Legitimate use cases (blockchain, DeFi)
  • Para 2: Valid regulatory concerns with examples
  • Para 3: Middle path — CBDC (Digital Rupee) + regulated crypto

Conclusion: Advocate for innovation-friendly regulation over prohibition.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 100+ million crypto users in India (estimated)
  • 📊 30% tax on crypto gains + 1% TDS since 2022
  • 📊 RBI Digital Rupee pilot launched December 2022

Common Mistakes:

  • Conflating crypto with blockchain technology
  • Not mentioning Digital Rupee (CBDC)
  • Taking extreme pro or anti position without nuance

Pro Tip:

Know the difference between crypto, blockchain, DeFi, and CBDC. Show you understand the technology.

HardHotIs the era of globalization over?
Asked by: IIM Calcutta, IIM Ahmedabad

Yes, Ending

  • Supply chain reshoring post-COVID
  • US-China decoupling accelerating
  • Protectionism rising worldwide
  • Nationalism over multilateralism

Transforming, Not Ending

  • Regionalization, not deglobalization
  • Services and digital still globalizing
  • Interdependence too deep to unwind
  • Friend-shoring vs complete decoupling

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference CHIPS Act, EU supply chain laws. State: globalizing differently, not deglobalizing.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Evidence of deglobalization (trade tensions, reshoring)
  • Para 2: Evidence globalization continues (digital, services, investment)
  • Para 3: New model — regionalized, friend-shored globalization

Conclusion: Hyper-globalization is over. Managed, regionalized globalization is emerging.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 Global trade fell 5% in 2023
  • 📊 FDI into China dropped 80%+ in 2024
  • 📊 Regional trade agreements up 40% since 2018

Common Mistakes:

  • Treating globalization as monolithic
  • Not distinguishing goods from services trade
  • Ignoring regional integration (RCEP, AfCFTA)

Pro Tip:

Show nuance — hyper-globalization is ending, not all globalization. Know specific examples (CHIPS Act).

👥

Social Issues

4 topics
HardHotShould India adopt a Uniform Civil Code?
Asked by: IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Bangalore, IIM Calcutta (2024)

For UCC

  • Article 44 of Constitution envisions UCC as Directive Principle
  • Gender equality: end discriminatory personal laws
  • One nation, one law for national integration
  • Goa already has successful UCC since Portuguese era

Against/Cautious

  • Religious minorities fear identity erasure
  • Federalism: states should retain personal law powers
  • Reform within communities more sustainable than imposition
  • Which law becomes uniform — majoritarian concern

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference the Law Commission's recent consultations. State that implementation matters more than principle.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Constitutional vision and gender equality argument
  • Para 2: Legitimate minority concerns and federalism
  • Para 3: Phased approach with consensus building

Conclusion: Support UCC in principle but advocate for consultative process.

Common Mistakes:

  • Turning it into a religious debate
  • Not knowing Article 44 and Directive Principles
  • Ignoring Goa's existing UCC as example

Pro Tip:

This is politically sensitive. Focus on gender equality and process, not religious identity.

MediumHotSocial media: democratizing information or spreading misinformation?
Asked by: IIM Bangalore, IIM Lucknow, IIM Kozhikode

Democratizing

  • Breaks mainstream media gatekeeping
  • Gives voice to marginalized communities
  • Enables citizen journalism and accountability
  • Real-time information during crises

Spreading Misinformation

  • Algorithmic amplification of sensational content
  • Filter bubbles and echo chambers
  • Manipulated elections (Cambridge Analytica)
  • Health misinformation during COVID caused deaths

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Open with a specific example (WhatsApp lynchings or COVID misinformation). State: tool, not villain.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Democratization benefits with examples
  • Para 2: Misinformation harms with data
  • Para 3: Solutions — fact-checking, media literacy, platform accountability

Conclusion: Social media is a tool. Focus on building media literacy and platform regulation.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 759 million social media users in India
  • 📊 50+ deaths linked to WhatsApp misinformation (2017-2019)
  • 📊 Only 14% of Indians can identify fake news accurately

Common Mistakes:

  • Blanket condemnation of social media
  • Not providing concrete solutions
  • Ignoring the positive use cases entirely

Pro Tip:

Use specific examples from India (WhatsApp University, COVID misinformation) to ground your argument.

HardIs reservation policy still relevant in modern India?
Asked by: IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Calcutta

Still Relevant

  • Caste discrimination persists in hiring, housing, marriages
  • SC/ST representation in corporate boardrooms still minimal
  • Social mobility data shows continued inequality
  • Reservation is compensatory, not charity

Needs Reform

  • Creamy layer should be extended to all categories
  • Economic criteria should supplement caste criteria
  • Sunset clauses to review periodically
  • Focus on quality education access instead

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference recent data on SC/ST representation. State: still needed, but needs reform.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Evidence that discrimination persists
  • Para 2: Valid critiques of current implementation
  • Para 3: Proposed reforms (economic criteria, creamy layer expansion)

Conclusion: Don't abolish, but evolve the policy with economic criteria and sunset clauses.

Common Mistakes:

  • Taking an extreme anti-reservation stance
  • Not knowing the constitutional basis (Articles 15, 16)
  • Ignoring data on continued discrimination

Pro Tip:

This is a sensitive topic. Lead with empathy and data, not ideology. Know the 50% cap from Indira Sawhney case.

EasyHotWork from home: temporary pandemic response or permanent shift?
Asked by: IIM Bangalore, IIM Lucknow

Permanent Shift

  • Talent access regardless of geography
  • Cost savings on real estate
  • Employee satisfaction and retention
  • Technology has proven it works

Temporary/Hybrid

  • Collaboration and culture suffer remotely
  • Junior employees need in-person mentorship
  • Not all jobs can be remote
  • Burnout and work-life boundary issues

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference RTO mandates by major companies (Amazon, Google). State: hybrid is the lasting change.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: What WFH proved works
  • Para 2: What suffers remotely
  • Para 3: Hybrid as the sustainable model

Conclusion: Pure WFH won't dominate, but work will never return fully to pre-pandemic model. Hybrid is permanent.

Common Mistakes:

  • Ignoring job types that can't be remote
  • Not acknowledging collaboration challenges
  • Not mentioning recent RTO mandates by major companies

Pro Tip:

Show you're following the RTO vs WFH debate. Mention specific company examples.

💻

Technology & Innovation

4 topics
MediumHotWill AI create more jobs than it destroys?
Asked by: IIM Bangalore, IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Indore (2024)

AI Creates Jobs

  • Every technology revolution created more jobs historically
  • New job categories we can't imagine yet
  • Productivity gains fund new economic activity
  • AI assists, not replaces, in most professions

AI Destroys Jobs

  • Speed of change faster than worker adaptation
  • Concentrated gains for tech elite, losses for masses
  • Service jobs (call centers, data entry) directly threatened
  • India's IT services model particularly vulnerable

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference ChatGPT's 100M users in 2 months. State: displacement is real, but adaptation is possible.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Historical pattern of technology creating jobs
  • Para 2: Why AI might be different (speed, breadth)
  • Para 3: Policy responses (reskilling, UBI discussion, education reform)

Conclusion: AI will transform, not destroy, work. Focus on transition support.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 WEF: 85M jobs displaced, 97M new jobs by 2025
  • 📊 India's IT sector employs 5.4 million — many jobs at risk
  • 📊 ChatGPT reached 100M users in 2 months

Common Mistakes:

  • Being too optimistic without acknowledging disruption
  • Being too pessimistic without acknowledging new opportunities
  • Not mentioning India-specific implications (IT services)

Pro Tip:

Show awareness of India's IT sector vulnerability and the need for reskilling programs.

EasyHotShould AI-generated content be mandatorily labeled?
Asked by: IIM Bangalore (2024)

Yes, Mandatory Labeling

  • Right to know content origin for informed decisions
  • Prevents deepfake manipulation in elections
  • Maintains trust in human creativity and journalism
  • EU AI Act already mandates this

Against/Cautious

  • Technical enforcement is nearly impossible
  • May stifle innovation and creative uses
  • Blurs line when AI assists vs creates
  • Overregulation before technology matures

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference recent deepfake videos in elections. State: labeling is necessary with practical limitations.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Why transparency matters (trust, manipulation)
  • Para 2: Implementation challenges
  • Para 3: Practical approach (mandatory for high-stakes content)

Conclusion: Mandatory for political/news content, voluntary guidelines for creative content.

Common Mistakes:

  • Not acknowledging enforcement challenges
  • Extreme positions (all AI bad or all AI good)
  • Not knowing about EU AI Act

Pro Tip:

This is relatively new. Show awareness of recent developments like EU AI Act and OpenAI's watermarking.

MediumIs India's digital push leaving the poor behind?
Asked by: IIM Lucknow, IIM Kozhikode

Yes, Leaving Behind

  • Only 52% of India has internet access
  • Digital payments exclude elderly, illiterate
  • Rural connectivity still poor quality
  • Digital literacy gap compounds economic gap

No, Enabling Inclusion

  • UPI has democratized digital payments
  • Aadhaar enables direct benefit transfers
  • Mobile penetration reaching remote areas
  • Government schemes (BharatNet) addressing gaps

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference both UPI success (10 billion transactions) and internet access gap. State: rapid progress with remaining gaps.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Success stories (UPI, JAM trinity)
  • Para 2: Remaining gaps (rural, elderly, literacy)
  • Para 3: Solutions (digital literacy, hybrid systems)

Conclusion: Digital inclusion is improving but needs parallel analog channels for transition.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 UPI: 10+ billion transactions monthly
  • 📊 Internet penetration: 52% (urban 76%, rural 38%)
  • 📊 30% of India still unbanked

Common Mistakes:

  • Only focusing on problems or only on successes
  • Not mentioning JAM trinity (Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile)
  • Ignoring the elderly and digitally illiterate

Pro Tip:

Balance the narrative — India's digital progress is real, but gaps exist. Propose hybrid solutions.

MediumHotShould governments regulate AI development? How?
Asked by: IIM Bangalore, IIM Ahmedabad

Strong Regulation

  • Safety risks from uncontrolled development
  • Bias and discrimination in AI systems
  • Labor market disruption needs planning
  • EU AI Act shows regulation is possible

Light Regulation

  • Overregulation stifles innovation
  • Technology moves faster than law
  • Self-regulation by industry may suffice
  • Don't want to cede AI leadership to less regulated nations

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference EU AI Act and recent AI safety discussions. State: risk-based regulation, not blanket rules.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Why some regulation is necessary (safety, bias)
  • Para 2: Why excessive regulation harms innovation
  • Para 3: Risk-based approach (high-risk applications vs general use)

Conclusion: Support tiered regulation based on risk level, with international coordination.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 EU AI Act: first comprehensive AI regulation globally
  • 📊 30+ countries have or are developing AI strategies
  • 📊 AI could contribute $15.7 trillion to global economy by 2030

Common Mistakes:

  • Not knowing EU AI Act exists
  • Extreme pro or anti-regulation position
  • Ignoring India's own AI strategy

Pro Tip:

Know India's AI Mission and the EU AI Act basics. This is a hot topic in 2026.

🏛️

Political & Governance

3 topics
HardHotShould India adopt simultaneous elections (One Nation One Election)?
Asked by: IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Calcutta (2024)

For Simultaneous Elections

  • Reduces governance disruption from model code of conduct
  • Cuts election expenditure significantly
  • Allows sustained policy focus without constant campaign mode
  • Improves voter turnout potentially

Against

  • Federalism concerns — state issues get overshadowed
  • Constitutional amendments complex (need state assembly terms sync)
  • What happens when government falls mid-term?
  • Massive logistics and security challenge

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference the Kovind Committee report. State: appealing in theory, complex in practice.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Governance and cost arguments for
  • Para 2: Federalism and constitutional concerns
  • Para 3: Practical implementation challenges

Conclusion: Worth exploring with pilot projects, but constitutional amendments need careful consideration.

Common Mistakes:

  • Not knowing the constitutional implications
  • Ignoring federalism concerns entirely
  • Not mentioning what happens if government falls

Pro Tip:

Know the Kovind Committee recommendations. This shows current affairs depth.

HardHotIs India's "strategic autonomy" sustainable in today's world?
Asked by: IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Calcutta (2024)

Sustainable

  • India's market size gives leverage with all powers
  • Russia relations maintained despite Western pressure
  • Quad engagement without alliance commitment
  • Multi-alignment is the new non-alignment

Under Pressure

  • China threat may require choosing sides eventually
  • Technology dependence limits true autonomy
  • Economic pressures from both blocs
  • Russia's diminished capacity post-Ukraine

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference India's Russia oil imports despite Western criticism. State: autonomy possible but requires constant balancing.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Evidence of successful balancing (QUAD, Russia, BRICS)
  • Para 2: Pressures and constraints (China, tech dependence)
  • Para 3: What sustainability requires (economic strength, defence indigenization)

Conclusion: Strategic autonomy is more aspiration than fixed state. Requires continuous calibration.

Common Mistakes:

  • Not knowing current examples (Russia oil, Quad)
  • Taking extreme pro-US or pro-Russia position
  • Ignoring China as the key variable

Pro Tip:

Show nuance. India's balancing act is impressive but faces real constraints. Know specific examples.

MediumHotShould India prioritize space exploration over poverty alleviation?
Asked by: IIM Kozhikode, IIM Indore

Prioritize Space

  • ISRO budget is tiny (0.05% of GDP)
  • Tech spinoffs benefit society
  • Strategic and defense implications
  • National pride and soft power

Prioritize Poverty

  • Millions still lack basic needs
  • Opportunity cost of any spending
  • Can buy space services cheaper
  • Perception of elitism

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference Chandrayaan-3 success and spending comparison. State: false dichotomy.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Why this is a false choice (budget comparison)
  • Para 2: Benefits of space program beyond prestige
  • Para 3: How space and development can coexist

Conclusion: India can and should do both. The budget isn't the constraint.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 ISRO budget: ₹13,000 crore (0.05% of GDP)
  • 📊 MGNREGA budget: ₹60,000 crore
  • 📊 Chandrayaan-3 cost: ₹615 crore (less than many movies)

Common Mistakes:

  • Accepting the false dichotomy
  • Not knowing ISRO's budget is tiny
  • Ignoring practical benefits (weather, communication, GPS)

Pro Tip:

Always compare ISRO budget to other spending (MGNREGA, defense). The dichotomy is false.

🌍

Environment & Sustainability

2 topics
HardHotGrowth vs Environment: Can developing nations afford climate commitments?
Asked by: IIM Calcutta, IIM Bangalore (2024)

Growth First

  • Historical emissions responsibility lies with developed nations
  • Poverty is a more immediate threat than climate
  • Green transition costs are prohibitive for developing nations
  • Common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR) is fair

Environment First

  • Climate impacts hurt developing nations most
  • Green technology costs dropping rapidly
  • Green transition is an economic opportunity, not cost
  • No point developing an uninhabitable planet

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference India's 2070 net-zero pledge vs 2050 demands. State: false dichotomy, green growth is possible.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Why developing nations argue for growth priority
  • Para 2: Why climate action can't wait
  • Para 3: How to reconcile — green growth, climate finance, technology transfer

Conclusion: Demand climate justice (finance, tech transfer) while pursuing sustainable development.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 India: 2070 net-zero target
  • 📊 Developed nations responsible for 79% of historical emissions
  • 📊 India's per capita emissions: 1.9 tons (US: 15 tons, China: 7 tons)

Common Mistakes:

  • Not knowing India's climate commitments
  • Ignoring climate justice/equity argument
  • Being too one-sided (either development or environment)

Pro Tip:

Know India's NDCs and the climate finance debate. Use per capita emissions data, not total emissions.

MediumHotIs India ready for mass EV adoption?
Asked by: IIM Bangalore, IIM Indore

Ready

  • Two-wheeler EVs already cost-competitive
  • Tata, Mahindra, Ola investing heavily
  • FAME-II subsidies reducing consumer costs
  • Declining battery costs (learning curve)

Not Ready

  • Charging infrastructure severely lacking
  • Power grid needs upgrades
  • Battery manufacturing mostly imported
  • Disposal and recycling not planned

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference EV sales growth (40%+ YoY). State: ready for two-wheelers, not yet for cars.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Success in two-wheeler segment
  • Para 2: Challenges for mass four-wheeler adoption
  • Para 3: What needs to change (charging, battery localization)

Conclusion: Segment-by-segment transition is realistic. Full EV adoption needs 10+ year horizon.

Key Statistics to Use:

  • 📊 EV sales grew 40%+ in 2023
  • 📊 Only 11,000 public charging stations in India
  • 📊 85% of EV batteries imported from China

Common Mistakes:

  • Treating all EVs as one category (two-wheelers very different from cars)
  • Ignoring supply chain (battery) dependencies
  • Not mentioning grid infrastructure

Pro Tip:

Differentiate between two-wheelers (ready) and cars (not ready). Know FAME-II scheme basics.

⚖️

Ethics & Philosophy

1 topics
MediumShould freedom of expression have limits?
Asked by: IIM Ahmedabad (2024)

Yes, Limits Needed

  • Hate speech incites real violence
  • Defamation and privacy need protection
  • National security exceptions are reasonable
  • No right is absolute — all have reasonable restrictions

Minimal Limits

  • Vague limits enable censorship
  • Counter-speech better than suppression
  • Government tends to overreach
  • Slippery slope to authoritarianism

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference Article 19(2) which already provides restrictions. State: limits yes, but narrowly defined.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Why some limits are necessary (violence, defamation)
  • Para 2: Risks of over-broad limits (sedition law misuse)
  • Para 3: Principles for good limits (narrowly defined, judicial oversight)

Conclusion: Support narrowly tailored restrictions with strong judicial oversight.

Common Mistakes:

  • Not knowing Article 19(2) of Constitution
  • Extreme position either way
  • Not providing examples of misuse (sedition law)

Pro Tip:

Know Article 19(1)(a) and 19(2). Reference the sedition law (Section 124A) debate for current context.

💭

Abstract & Philosophical

3 topics
MediumDo the ends justify the means?
Asked by: IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Lucknow

Sometimes Yes (Consequentialism)

  • Outcomes are what ultimately matter
  • Rigid rules can lead to worse outcomes
  • Emergency situations require pragmatic action
  • Every major change required some rule-breaking

Rarely/No (Deontological)

  • Process legitimacy matters for sustainability
  • Means shape the ends — corrupted means corrupt outcomes
  • Slippery slope: where do you draw the line?
  • Some rights are inviolable regardless of outcome

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Open with a provocative example (demonetization, emergency lockdown). State: context matters, but process shapes outcome.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: When ends might justify means (emergencies, Churchill quote)
  • Para 2: When means corrupted ends (historical examples)
  • Para 3: Framework for judging — proportionality, reversibility, accountability

Conclusion: Neither pure consequentialism nor pure deontology. Judge case-by-case with clear principles.

Common Mistakes:

  • Being too abstract without examples
  • Extreme position without nuance
  • Not acknowledging the philosophical traditions

Pro Tip:

Use real examples (demonetization, lockdown, historical events). Show philosophical awareness.

EasyMankind should end war before war ends mankind
Asked by: IIM Ahmedabad (2023)

Agree

  • Nuclear weapons make total war existential threat
  • Wars increasingly destroy civilians
  • Economic interdependence makes war counterproductive
  • Diplomatic and legal mechanisms exist for conflict resolution

Nuanced View

  • Some wars (against genocide, invasion) may be justified
  • Eliminating war entirely may be utopian
  • Power vacuums without military deterrence enable aggression
  • Focus on reducing wars, not eliminating human conflict entirely

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Reference Ukraine or Gaza as current context. State: reducing war is imperative, eliminating it may be idealistic.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Why the threat is real (nuclear weapons, civilian casualties)
  • Para 2: Why eliminating war is difficult (human nature, power politics)
  • Para 3: What can reduce war (international institutions, economic ties, diplomacy)

Conclusion: Work toward minimizing wars while maintaining defensive capabilities.

Common Mistakes:

  • Being too preachy without substance
  • Ignoring current conflicts (Russia-Ukraine, Israel-Gaza)
  • Purely idealistic without acknowledging realities

Pro Tip:

Ground abstract topics in current events. Reference specific conflicts to show current awareness.

HardReligion: a curse or blessing for society?
Asked by: IIM Ahmedabad (2023)

Blessing

  • Provides moral framework and community
  • Charitable institutions and social services
  • Psychological comfort and meaning
  • Cultural heritage preservation

Curse

  • Justifies violence and discrimination
  • Opposes scientific progress
  • Enables hierarchies and patriarchy
  • Communalism and conflicts

Essay Structure:

Introduction: Acknowledge religion's dual nature. State: the institution, not the impulse, is the problem.

Body Points:

  • Para 1: Positive contributions (community, charity, meaning)
  • Para 2: Historical and current harms (conflicts, discrimination)
  • Para 3: Distinction between personal faith and institutional religion

Conclusion: Personal spirituality is valuable. Institutional religion needs reform and secularization of public sphere.

Common Mistakes:

  • Being dismissive of religion entirely
  • Being defensive of all religious practices
  • Not distinguishing personal faith from institutional religion
  • Making it about any specific religion

Pro Tip:

This is sensitive. Stay philosophical, avoid specific religions. Distinguish faith from organized religion.

The 3 Things That Actually Matter

Forget the generic advice. These are the differentiators that IIM evaluators consistently reward.

1

Take a Clear Stance

The best WAT essays don't hedge. Your opening line should tell the reader exactly where you stand — and the rest of the essay should defend that position relentlessly. Fence-sitting feels safe but scores poorly. Evaluators want to see conviction and the ability to commit to a position under pressure.

2

Use Specific Evidence

Generic claims like "this will help the economy" don't impress anyone. One concrete example beats five abstract arguments. Reference actual policies, real companies, specific data points. "India's UPI processed 12 billion transactions last month" lands differently than "digital payments are growing."

3

End with Implication

Don't summarize what you just said — everyone does that. End with what your argument means for the future. What should happen next? What's at stake if we don't act? A forward-looking close shows you can think beyond the obvious.

You've read the topics. Now defend them under time pressure.

WAT is just the warm-up. The real test is when the panel probes your stance in the PI that follows. Practice both with AI that knows what IIMs look for.